PCOS: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It often leads to irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and issues with insulin resistance. PCOS may also interfere with fertility and cause visible symptoms like acne and unwanted hair growth.
Symptoms of PCOS
PCOS affects an estimated 2–26% of women of reproductive age and presents differently in each individual. Common signs include:
- Irregular or missed periods
- Heavy or prolonged bleeding
- Acne, especially on the face, chest, or back
- Excess facial or body hair (chin, upper lip, thighs)
- Hair thinning or hair loss
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Dark skin patches (especially on the neck or underarms)
- Mood swings or signs of metabolic syndrome
- Difficulty conceiving or infertility
- Obesity-related concerns
Causes of PCOS
PCOS is primarily a hormonal imbalance that may have a genetic link. The condition often develops when certain environmental and lifestyle factors trigger these genes, including:
- Obesity or rapid weight gain
- Lack of exercise
- Unhealthy eating habits
Treatment Options for PCOS
Managing PCOS focuses on lifestyle and medical interventions:
- Diet & Exercise: A balanced, low-carb diet and regular physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity and help regulate cycles.
- Medications: May be prescribed to balance hormones, manage acne and hair growth, and regulate menstrual cycles.
- Fertility Treatments: Options include ovulation induction with medication, timed intercourse, intrauterine insemination (IUI), or advanced options like IVF, ICSI, and ovarian drilling.
Prevention & Lifestyle Tips
While PCOS can’t always be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce its severity and symptoms. Maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and stay physically active to support hormonal balance and insulin function.
