Endometriosis

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a significant contributor to female infertility, impacting approximately 25–30% of women who are trying to conceive. It occurs when the endometrial tissue—which normally lines the inside of the uterus—grows outside the uterine cavity, often affecting areas like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, or even the intestines.

What Are the Symptoms of Endometriosis?

About 30–50% of women diagnosed with endometriosis face fertility challenges. The most common symptom is pain, which may present in several forms:

• Intense menstrual cramps
• Painful intercourse
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Lower abdominal or back pain
• Pelvic or rectal discomfort
• Digestive issues (bloating, constipation, diarrhea)
• Painful urination, especially during menstruation

Symptoms often follow a cyclical pattern, intensifying before and during periods. However, some women may show no symptoms at all.

What Causes Endometriosis?

While the exact cause is still unclear, possible contributing factors include:

• Retrograde menstruation (menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity)
• Genetic factors
• Immune system dysfunction

Potential risk enhancers:

• Low Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Alcohol or tobacco use
• Family history of endometriosis

Treatment Options

Treatment is personalized based on age, severity, and fertility goals:

• Hormonal therapy: Often used for young or unmarried women to control pain.
• Laparoscopic surgery: Removal of endometrial tissue, especially for those trying to conceive.
• IVF/ICSI: Recommended if conception remains challenging post-surgery.
• IUI: May be considered in milder cases after lesion removal.

Lifestyle Tips During Treatment

Combining medical care with healthy lifestyle habits enhances outcomes:

• Stay physically active
• Avoid alcohol and smoking
• Follow a balanced diet
• Stay well-hydrated
• Maintain a consistent sleep routine