TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)

What is TESA?

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to extract sperm directly from the testicles. It is primarily recommended for men experiencing azoospermia—a condition where no sperm is present in the semen. TESA is especially effective in cases of obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia and is typically performed in conjunction with advanced fertility treatments like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) or ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection).

When is TESA Recommended?

TESA is considered when natural sperm retrieval is not possible, including cases such as:
Obstructive Azoospermia: Blockages in the reproductive tract that prevent sperm from appearing in the ejaculate.
Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Poor or absent sperm production due to testicular failure or hormonal issues.
Retrograde Ejaculation: When semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the urethra.
Previous Vasectomy: TESA enables sperm retrieval without requiring vasectomy reversal.
Failed Ejaculate Retrieval Attempts: When conventional methods like masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval are unsuccessful.

How TESA is Performed

Needle Aspiration: A fine needle is inserted into the testicle to collect a small sample of tissue.
Laboratory Processing: The tissue is processed to isolate live sperm cells.
Fertilization: If viable sperm are found, they are used in ICSI to fertilize an egg directly. The entire procedure typically takes 15–30 minutes and is performed on an outpatient basis.